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1.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 30: e2023065, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528660

ABSTRACT

Resumo Esta pesquisa, com o uso da metodologia sócio-histórica, aborda a relação entre a produção cultural e as visões sobre a ciência e a tecnologia na década de 1980. Analisa um repertório de canções lançadas nesse período que apresentam temática apocalítica por conta do contexto de Guerra Fria e das crises ambientais. A análise se fundamenta nas noções de horizonte de expectativas de Koselleck e nas expectativas decrescentes de Arantes. As canções estão agrupadas na temática nuclear e na temática ambiental. Observa que essas canções da década de 1980 representam uma mudança da expectativa nacional com relação ao futuro, apresentando um temor acerca de desastres nucleares ou ambientais.


Abstract This study utilized socio-historical methodology to investigate the relationship between cultural production and views on science and technology in the 1980s by analyzing a repertoire of songs released during this period containing apocalyptic themes due to the context of the Cold War and environmental crises. This exploration is based on Koselleck's notions of the horizon of expectations and on Arantes' concept of decreasing expectations. The songs centered around nuclear power and the environment. We observed that these songs from the 1980s represent a shift in national expectations about the future, exhibiting fears related to nuclear and environmental disasters.


Subject(s)
Armed Conflicts , Environment , Science in the Arts , Music , Brazil , History, 20th Century , Economic Factors
2.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 29(4): 915-932, oct,-dic. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421575

ABSTRACT

Resumo O que a colaboração entre Florestan Fernandes, Aldo Solari e o Instituto Latino-americano de Relações Internacionais, órgão do Congresso pela Liberdade da Cultura, explica sobre as ideias do sociólogo entre 1969 e 1972? A análise de documentos oficiais do instituto e correspondências e textos de Florestan e Solari sugere que esse episódio revela um sociólogo preocupado com a manutenção de espaços científicos num continente marcado pelo autoritarismo, o que permite matizar a periodização entre fases "acadêmico-reformista" e "político-revolucionária". Argumenta-se que, do ponto de vista do instituto, a parceria com Florestan era crucial para produzir legitimidade intelectual para suas ações.


Abstract What does the collaboration between the sociologist Florestan Fernandes, Aldo Solari, and the Latin American Institute of International Relations (ILARI), an organ of the Congress for Cultural Freedom, tell us about Fernandes's thinking between 1969 and 1972? The analysis of official ILARI documents and correspondence and texts by Fernandes and Solari suggests that this episode reveals Fernandes's concern with defending space for science on a continent marked by authoritarianism, thereby enabling a more nuanced understanding of his trajectory than one marked by two distinct phases, "reformist-academic" and "revolutionary-political." From ILARI's perspective, the partnership with Fernandes is revealed as critical in lending its actions intellectual legitimacy.


Subject(s)
Research Personnel , Sociology/history , History, 20th Century , Latin America
3.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 29(2): 461-480, abr.-jun. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385086

ABSTRACT

Abstract This article studies the shift from a Ministry of Hygiene in Colombia to a Ministry of Public Health, from 1946 to 1953. This was not only a new name for the ministry, but a transitional process from government policies based on European public hygiene towards institutionalizing the North American model of public health. The process involved negotiations between local government representatives and the Currie Mission, which was sent to Colombia by the Inter-American Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Inter-American Cooperative Health Service. These negotiations took place via asymmetrical relationships of interdependence, within the framework of the "invisible government" implemented by the United States in Latin America during the Cold War.


Resumen Este artículo estudia el cambio de un Ministerio de Higiene en Colombia a un Ministerio de Salud Pública, de 1946 a 1953. Este no fue solo un nuevo nombre para el ministerio sino un proceso de transición de políticas gubernamentales basadas en la higiene pública europea hacia la institucionalización del modelo norteamericano de salud pública. El proceso involucró negociaciones entre representantes del gobierno local y la Misión Currie, que fue enviada a Colombia por el Banco Interamericano de Reconstrucción y Desarrollo y el Servicio Cooperativo Interamericano de Salud. Estas negociaciones se dieron a través de relaciones asimétricas de interdependencia, en el marco del "gobierno invisible" implementado por Estados Unidos en América Latina durante la Guerra Fría.


Subject(s)
Warfare , Public Health , Federal Government , Colombia , History, 20th Century
4.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 27(supl.1): 145-164, Sept. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134088

ABSTRACT

Abstract From its inception, in 1948, the World Health Organization made control of malaria a high priority. Early successes led many to believe that eradication was possible, although there were serious doubts concerning the continent of Africa. As evidence mounted that eradicating malaria was not a simple matter, the malaria eradication programme was downgraded to a unit in 1980. Revived interest in malaria followed the Roll Back Malaria Initiative adopted in 1998. This article presents an historical account of the globally changing ideas on control and elimination of the disease and argues that insufficient attention was paid to strengthening health services and specialized human resources.


Resumo Desde sua origem, em 1948, a Organização Mundial da Saúde priorizou o controle da malária. Os primeiros êxitos induziram à crença na viabilidade da erradicação, apesar de sérias dúvidas quanto ao continente africano. À medida que se somavam comprovações de que a erradicação da malária não seria simples, o projeto com essa finalidade foi rebaixado a uma unidade em 1980. O reavivamento do interesse na malária ocorreu após a iniciativa Roll Back Malaria, criada em 1998. Este artigo apresenta um panorama histórico das mudanças nas ideias, em âmbito global, ligadas ao controle e à eliminação da doença e defende a tese de que a atenção dada ao fortalecimento dos serviços de saúde e a recursos humanos especializados foi insuficiente.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , World Health Organization/history , Communicable Disease Control/history , Mosquito Control/history , Malaria/history , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Mosquito Control/methods , Africa , Disease Eradication/history , Goals , Malaria/prevention & control
5.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 22(1): 255-273, Jan-Mar/2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDS | ID: lil-741521

ABSTRACT

Este artículo analiza las principales campañas promovidas por agencias internacionales y organismos nacionales de salud dirigidas a erradicar enfermedad infecciosas en el ámbito rural latinoamericano de los años 1940 y 1950. Las dimensiones políticas del periodo han sido estudiadas pero todavía se ha prestado poca atención a sus dimensiones sanitarias. Este trabajo propone el concepto de "cultura de la sobrevivencia" para explicar los problemas de la salud pública oficial de Estados con políticas sociales limitadas que no permitieron el ejercicio de la ciudadanía. La salud pública, como parte de esta cultura de la sobrevivencia, buscaba ser una solución temporal sin enfrentarse a los problemas sociales que originaban las infecciones y dejó un legado en la salud pública de la región.


This article analyzes the main campaigns run by international agencies and national health bodies to eradicate infectious diseases in rural Latin America in the 1940s and 1950s. The political dimensions of the period have been studied but there has been little attention as yet to the health dimensions. This article proposes the concept of a "culture of survival" to explain the official public health problems of states with limited social policies that did not allow the exercise of citizenship. Public health, as part of this culture of survival, sought a temporary solution without confronting the social problems that led to infections and left a public health legacy in the region.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Adenocarcinoma/genetics , DNA Mutational Analysis , Duodenal Neoplasms/genetics , Gene Expression Profiling , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/genetics , Mutation , MicroRNAs/genetics , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics , Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/chemistry , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Duodenal Neoplasms/chemistry , Duodenal Neoplasms/pathology , Duodenal Neoplasms/surgery , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/chemistry , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/surgery , Immunohistochemistry , Neoplasm Staging , Phenotype , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Stomach Neoplasms/chemistry , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery
6.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 19(2): 140-153, 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-966700

ABSTRACT

En este estudio enlazo debates sobre la regulación de la fertilidad humana y el control de la población con las consideraciones sobre los derechos repro-ductivos de la mujer. Primero, una breve discusión de antiguas rivalidades entre Thomas Robert Malthus y Karl Marx introduce el carácter profunda-mente político de las consideraciones sobre reproducción humana. A con-tinuación me traslado al siglo XX y muestro que ahora reencontramos a Marx y a Malthus vestidos en ropa nueva por rivales políticos que aplicaron antiguas rivalidades a nuevos conflictos políticos. Me concentro en el período posterior a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, cuando los nuevos debates sobre población y derechos reproductivos estaban acompañados por los nuevos pa-radigmas globales de los derechos humanos ­y argumento que la práctica de los derechos estaba comprometida por los enfrentamientos entre políticos de derecha e izquierda­ presentados durante la Guerra Fría. Apoyándome en historias de médicos y planificadores poblacionales activos en Europa y las Américas, me concentro en el estudio del caso de la planificación familiar y los derechos reproductivos en Chile para mostrar los efectos dañinos que los enfrentamientos de la Guerra Fría ­las dicotomías políticas de derecha e izquierda­ tuvieron en las políticas de salud y de derechos reproductivos


n this study, I link key debates about the regulation of human fertility and population control to considerations about women's reproductive rights. First, a brief discussion of old rivalries between Thomas Robert Malthus and Karl Marx introduces the deeply political nature of considerations about hu-man reproduction.Next, I move from the 18th and 19th centuries to the 20th century, and show that we find Marx and Malthus dressed in new clothes by political rivals who applied old competitions to new political conflicts.I focus on the post WW II period, when new debates about population and human reproduction were accompanied by new global paradigms of human rights ­and argue that a twentieth century practice of rights was compromi-sed by competitions between politics of left and right­ set in the Cold War. 141Drawing on histories of medical doctors and population planners who were active in Europe and the Americas, I focus on the case study of family planning and reproductive rights in Chile to show the ill-effects that Cold War competitions ­the political dichotomies of left and right­ had on the politics of health and reproductive rights.


Subject(s)
Humans , Population Control , Reproductive Rights , Family Development Planning
7.
Rev. bras. educ. fís. esp ; 27(4): 567-581, out.-dez. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-697249

ABSTRACT

Nesse artigo pretendemos esboçar uma possibilidade de leitura sociológica que contemple algumas das contingências socioculturais e políticas presente no campo de forças orientado pelo embate entre capitalistas e socialistas durante o período da Guerra Fria, procurando, na medida do possível, estabelecer algumas relações desse fenômeno com o campo esportivo e, mais especificamente, com a final do campeonato mundial de xadrez disputada pelo enxadrista soviético Boris Spassky e o enxadrista norte-americano Robert James Fischer em Reykjavik na Islândia no ano de 1972. Na primeira parte do texto, procuramos sugerir e evidenciar alguns pontos de aproximação passíveis de serem estabelecidos entre a estrutura microssociológica do "match do século" e a estrutura macrossociológica da Guerra Fria com base no referencial teórico de Norbert Elias. Em seguida, nos predispomos a explorar essas relações a partir do modelo de análise sociológica dos campos de Pierre Bourdieu.


In this article we intend to outline a possible sociological point of view wich contemplates some contingencies socio-cultural and political contingencies present in the field driven by the struggle between capitalists and socialists during the Cold War, trying to establish some associations between this phenomenon and the sports field, and more specifically, with the final of the chess world championship involved the Soviet Boris Spassky and the American Robert James Fischer, undertaken in Reykjavik (Iceland) in 1972. In the first section, we suggested and highlighted some points of convergence that can be established between the structure of microsociological "match of the century" and the macrosociological structure of the Cold War based on the theoretical framework of Norbert Elias. Afterwards we these relationships were explored taken into account the model of sociological analysis of the fields of Pierre Bourdieu.


Subject(s)
History , Sociology , Sports
8.
Ide (São Paulo) ; 35(54): 29-38, jul. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-692725

ABSTRACT

Sobre a noção mítica de Caos se formulam e se analisam três questões, a saber, 1) em que e 2) por que 3) o que se lê no livro O universo, os deuses, os homens de Jean-Pierre Vernant se distingue e difere do que se pode ler no texto da Teogonia de Hesíodo?.


On the mythical notion of Khaos, we can ask three questions: 1) in which and 2) why 3) what can be read in the book L’univers, les dieux, les hommes by Jean-Pierre Vernant is distinct and different from what can be read in Hesiod’s Theogony?.


Subject(s)
Thinking , Greek World , Warfare/psychology
9.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 16(supl.1): 75-94, July 2009.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-518512

ABSTRACT

In the summer of 1946, the international community of cancer researchers was inspired by the announcement that two Soviet scientists, Nina Kliueva and Grigorii Roskin, had discovered anticancer properties in culture extracts made from the South American protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi, and had produced a preparation - named after its discoverers KR - which showed clear therapeutic effects on cancer patients. Research teams from various countries enthusiastically pursued the promising new line of investigation. The story of the rise and fall of interest in the anticancer properties of T. cruzi in different countries suggests that during the second half of the twentieth century, the Cold War competition between the superpowers played an important role in shaping the research agendas of cancer studies.


No verão de 1946, a comunidade internacional que desenvolve pesquisas sobre o câncer, inspirou-se no anúncio de que dois cientistas soviéticos, Nina Kliueva e Grigorii Roskin, descobriram propriedades anticancerígenas em cultura extraída do protozoário existente na América Latina, o Trypanosoma cruzi e produziram um preparado que foi denominado com as iniciais KR - em sua homenagem. Grupos de pesquisadores de diversos países buscaram com entusiasmo as promessas dessa nova linha de investigação. A história da ascensão e queda do interesse nas propriedades anticâncer do T. cruzzi em diferentes países sugere que durante a segunda metade do século 20, a Guerra Fria teve um papel importante na definição das agendas de pesquisas sobre o câncer.


Subject(s)
History of Medicine , Neoplasms/history , Politics , Trypanosoma cruzi
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